{"id":250,"date":"2024-07-26T20:08:20","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T17:08:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ladiesbeachsuitotel.com\/?page_id=250"},"modified":"2024-07-26T20:10:59","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T17:10:59","slug":"kusadasi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ladiesbeachsuitotel.com\/tr\/kusadasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ku\u015fadas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ku\u015fadas\u0131<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
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GEZ\u0130LECEK YERLER<\/p>\n

Efes \u2013 Ephesus<\/p>\n

NASIL G\u0130D\u0130L\u0130R\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir Ayd\u0131n yolu \u00fczerinde Sel\u00e7uk \u0130l\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalan Efes \u00d6ren Yeri, \u0130zmir\u2019e 70km, Ku\u015fadas\u0131\u2019na 20 km Ayd\u0131n\u2019 a 60 km uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

GEZ\u0130LECEK YERLER<\/p>\n

Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

\u00d6ren Yeri<\/p>\n

Yedi Uyurlar Ma\u011faras\u0131<\/p>\n

Efes, UNESCO D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 aday listesindedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

GENEL BAKI\u015e<\/p>\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Ayasuluk Tepesi \u00e7evresinde olan ilk yerle\u015fim, daha sonralar\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes (Kaystros) Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da deniz kenar\u0131nda bulunan \u015fehir zaman i\u00e7inde Kaystros Nehri\u2019nin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u00fcvyonlarla denizden iyice uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Efes, bug\u00fcnlerde Ege Denizi\u2019nden yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 km uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ARTEM\u0130S TAPINA\u011eI<\/p>\n

Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n Yedi Harikas\u0131ndan biri olan Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6ren yerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kal\u0131yordu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tap\u0131nak alan\u0131 derin bir \u00e7ukur halindedir. M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ana tanr\u0131\u00e7aya adanm\u0131\u015f bir sunak ve yal\u0131n bir tap\u0131nak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 yerde tamamen mermerden in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ikinci tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n cephesinde kabartmalarla s\u00fcsl\u00fc 36 s\u00fctun bulunuyordu. M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda tahrip olan tap\u0131nak, sonras\u0131nda bir kere daha in\u015fa edildi. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender b\u00f6lgeye geldi\u011finde in\u015faat devam etmekteydi. Romal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Plinius\u2019a g\u00f6re 130 x 68 m boyutlar\u0131nda olan bu tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n etraf\u0131nda da 18 m y\u00fcksekli\u011finde 127 s\u00fctun vard\u0131. Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n Anadolu\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. MS 3. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Got istilas\u0131nda zarar g\u00f6ren tap\u0131nak bir daha onar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresinde, \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ilk kaz\u0131larda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan buluntular, Londra British Museum\u2019da sergileniyor. Sonraki kaz\u0131lar 1892 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kaz\u0131larda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan par\u00e7alar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Avusturyal\u0131 koleksiyonculara, onlardan da o y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan Avusturyal\u0131 subaylar\u0131n ellerine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden kaz\u0131 izni alan Avusturyal\u0131lar, Efes kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 par\u00e7alarla Viyana Ephesos Museum\u2019u kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan geriye kalan birka\u00e7 buluntu da Sel\u00e7uk ve \u0130stanbul Arkeoloji m\u00fczelerinde sergileniyor.<\/p>\n

ARTEM\u0130S \/ D\u0130ANA<\/p>\n

Zeus ile Leto\u2019nun k\u0131z\u0131, Apollon\u2019un ikizidir. Ay, av ve iffet tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Hem bakiredir, hem ana hem de do\u011fum yapan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Efes\u2019te, ana tanr\u0131\u00e7a Kybele\u2019nin yerini alm\u0131\u015f ve Bereket Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olarak sayg\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Efes M\u00fczesi\u2019ndeki heykellerinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fc vard\u0131r ve bu nedenle Artemis Polymastos yani \u00e7ok memeli Artemis olarak an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DEVLET AGORASI (YUKARI AGORA)<\/p>\n

B\u00fclb\u00fcl Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na \u00e7\u0131kan yolun \u00fczerindeki Magnesia Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden ba\u015flayan Kutsal Yol Artemission\u2019a kadar uzan\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6ren yerini gezmeye buradan ba\u015flarsan\u0131z, Devlet Agoras\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda kal\u0131r. MS 5. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Agora\u2019n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 160 x 56 metredir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Agora\u2019n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bir de tap\u0131nak yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

ODEON VE PRYTANE\u0130ON<\/p>\n

Odeon ve Prytaneion (Belediye Saray\u0131) yan yanayd\u0131. Efes\u2019in 1400 ki\u015filik Odeon\u2019unun Bouleuterion (Meclis Binas\u0131) olarak da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Odeon\u2019da konferanslar, sunumlar, konserler d\u00fczenleniyordu. Prytaneion\u2019daki kutsal ate\u015f, Kuretler veya di\u011fer \u0130onya kentlerindeki Hestia bakireleri (Roma \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Vesta Bakireleri) taraf\u0131ndan hep canl\u0131 tutulurdu. Sel\u00e7uk M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergilenen Artemis heykelleri de Prytaneion kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kutsal rampa, Domitianus Meydan\u0131\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu meydan\u0131n bir yan\u0131nda Pollio An\u0131t\u0131 ve Domitianus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, ortas\u0131nda \u00fczerinde Nike (Zafer) kabartmas\u0131 bulunan an\u0131t, di\u011fer yan\u0131nda Memnos An\u0131t\u0131 vard\u0131. Memnos (Memnius) An\u0131t\u0131\u2019n\u0131n birinci kat\u0131nda karyatidlerin, ikinci kat\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli ki\u015filerin heykelleri yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

KARYAT\u0130DLER<\/p>\n

Romal\u0131 Vitrivius\u2019a g\u00f6re Karyatidler, M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Persleri tutan Karyal\u0131lar sava\u015f\u0131 kaybedince a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flere mahk\u00fbm edilen esir Karyal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131 simgelerlerdi. Zaten Karyatidlerin dans eden kad\u0131nlardan ziyade eziyet edilen insanlara benzer halleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KURETLER CADDES\u0130<\/p>\n

Efes\u2019in en \u00f6nemli caddesi, Odeon\u2019un \u00f6n\u00fcnde ba\u015flayan Kuretler Caddesi\u2019dir. Burada ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Kuretler, Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019nda tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n kutsal ate\u015finin devaml\u0131 yan\u0131k kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ve bundan sorumlu olan rahibelerdi. Caddenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn iki yan\u0131nda d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar vard\u0131. Kutsal rampan\u0131n biti\u015f noktas\u0131nda tanr\u0131 Hermes kabartmalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

HERMES \/ MERK\u00dcR<\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n habercisi olan Hermes, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n, \u00e7obanlar\u0131n ve h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n koruyucusudur. Simgeleri kanatlar\u0131 ve Apollon taraf\u0131ndan hediye edilmi\u015f olan y\u0131lanl\u0131 asad\u0131r. Do\u011far do\u011fmaz konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuretler Caddesi\u2019nde kurban g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrken g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi bir kabartmal\u0131 kaide vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rampan\u0131n biraz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u015fehrin idari ve ticari b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda sembolik s\u0131n\u0131r kabul edilen Herakles Kap\u0131s\u0131 ve Herakles kabartmalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buradan \u015fehrin \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131r. Caddenin bundan sonraki k\u0131sm\u0131, senat\u00f6rlerin, imparatorlu\u011fun \u00f6nemli ki\u015filerinin ve sporcular\u0131n\u0131n heykelleriyle zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Roma \u015fehirleri, heykellerle, a\u011fa\u00e7larla, \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle, \u00e7e\u015fmelerle, havuzlarla, yollarla ve su kanallar\u0131yla s\u00fcslenmi\u015fti. Yunan sanat\u0131nda d\u00f6rt y\u00f6nden seyredilebilen ama i\u00e7inde ya\u015fan\u0131lmayan mek\u00e2nlar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktad\u0131r. Oysa Roma yap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7lerinde ya\u015fan\u0131lmak i\u00e7in tasarlan\u0131rlard\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n

TRA\u0130ANUS \u00c7E\u015eMES\u0130<\/p>\n

Traianus (Trajan) \u00c7e\u015fmesi\u2019nin yaln\u0131zca kaidesi ayaktad\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fmeye gelen su, heykelin alt\u0131ndan akarak \u00f6n taraftaki havuzda toplan\u0131yordu. Bu havuz 12 m uzunlu\u011fundayd\u0131. An\u0131tsal \u00e7e\u015fme heykellerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

HADR\u0130ANUS TAPINA\u011eI<\/p>\n

Hamamlardan sonra MS 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda tarihlenen Hadrianus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019na gelirsiniz. Efes\u2019teki Roma Tarihi\u2019nin en \u00f6nemli imparatorlar\u0131ndan olan Hadrianus\u2019a adanm\u0131\u015f tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kemerinde Zenginlik Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Tyche (Tike), i\u00e7 kemerinde Medusa kabartmalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Orijinalleri Efes M\u00fczesi\u2019nde olan duvar kabartmalar\u0131nda, Efes\u2019in Androclos taraf\u0131ndan efsanevi kurulu\u015fu ve Olympos tanr\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Giri\u015fin iki yan\u0131ndaki Meander ve yumurta frizleri de d\u0131\u015f s\u00fcslemeleri tamamlar.<\/p>\n

YAMA\u00c7 EVLER\u0130<\/p>\n

Caddenin hemen yan\u0131ndaki yama\u00e7ta Zengin Evleri bulunuyordu. Roma \u015fehirlerinde evler, \u00f6nceleri tu\u011fladan, sonralar\u0131 mermerden in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. Bu evlerin zeminleri mozaiklerle, duvarlar\u0131 ise fresklerle dekore edilmi\u015fti. Roma evlerinde odalar, geni\u015f bir avlunun \u00e7evresine yerle\u015ftirilirdi.<\/p>\n

Buradaki zengin evlerinde de ayn\u0131 uygulamalar ve planlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Evlerin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k ocaklarla ve mangallarla sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131 mutfak, \u00f6zel tuvalet ve banyo, su ve kanalizasyon tesisatlar\u0131na ancak zenginler sahip olabilirdi. Evlerin ayd\u0131nlatmalar\u0131 da zeytinya\u011f\u0131 veya bal\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan kandiller veya mumlarla sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Zengin evlerinde evcille\u015ftirilmi\u015f k\u00f6peklerin bek\u00e7i olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da biliniyor.Evlerde h\u0131rs\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 kasa da bulunduruluyordu.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin bu b\u00f6lgesindeki ilk yap\u0131la\u015fma M\u00d6 1. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Augustus d\u00f6nemine tarihlenir. \u0130lk olarak \u00fc\u00e7 teras \u00fczerine alt\u0131 ev yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, daha sonra evlerden birinin bir kere daha b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6 numaral\u0131 eve saray demek daha uygundur. Bu evin sahibi olan Gaius Flavius Pubius Aptus, Helen as\u0131ll\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Roma vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kabul edilmi\u015f ve kons\u00fcll\u00fc\u011fe kadar y\u00fckselmi\u015f \u00f6nemli bir ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin en g\u00f6zde yerlerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan bu evlerin sahiplerinin ana ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n misafirlerini etkilemek oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Y\u00fcksek tavanl\u0131 tasarlanm\u0131\u015f evler bir avlu etraf\u0131nda planlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Roma sosyal hayat\u0131nda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta saraylar azd\u0131 ama sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde saray yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Se\u00e7kin evlerinde genelde bayanlar ve baylar i\u00e7in iki farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm vard\u0131. Evler ve saraylardan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131 adalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde 20 m y\u00fcksekli\u011fi de a\u015fabilen apartmanlar in\u015fa edildi. Ortak bir avlu etraf\u0131nda planlanan bu apartmanlar\u0131n \u00fcst katlar\u0131nda ah\u015fap malzemeler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Yama\u00e7 evleri, MS 262 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck depremden sonra terk edilmi\u015ftir. Depremlerde y\u0131k\u0131lan tavan ve duvarlar da bir \u00e7e\u015fit do\u011fal koruma olu\u015fturmu\u015flar. Bu sayede de MS 230 y\u0131l\u0131na tarihlenen mozaikler ve freskler bug\u00fcnlere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flar.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

6 numaral\u0131 evin giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki dolaplar\u0131n ar\u015fiv olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 san\u0131l\u0131yor. Mermer salon, davetliler i\u00e7in yemek salonu olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyordu. Mermerlerle kapl\u0131 ve l\u00fcks e\u015fyalarla s\u00fcsl\u00fc bu salonun tavan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 7 m civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Ancak yemekler evde de\u011fil, ba\u015fka bir mutfakta pi\u015firildikten sonra buraya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu. Evin mozaikli duvar\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fmeden i\u00e7ilebilir kalitede so\u011fuk dere suyu ak\u0131yordu. Salonun tavan\u0131 alt\u0131n varaklarla s\u00fcsl\u00fc ah\u015faptan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Evin bazilikas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki oda \u00f6zel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fc. Bazilikan\u0131n mermer duvarlar\u0131 st\u00fckoyla s\u00fcsl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Tarih\u00e7ilere dayan\u0131larak \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen bilgilere g\u00f6re evler, insanlar aras\u0131ndaki hiyerar\u015fik durumu da belirlerlerdi. Roma hukukuna g\u00f6re evlerin birinci avlusuna herkes girebilirdi. Sonras\u0131na ise ancak davetliler ge\u00e7ebilirlerdi. Bu evde g\u00f6r\u00fclen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oda gibi k\u0131s\u0131mlara ise ancak ailenin dostlar\u0131n\u0131n girme haklar\u0131 olurdu.<\/p>\n

Evin yemek odas\u0131 ve yan\u0131nda bal\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00fczd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir havuz vard\u0131. Ev sahiplerinin canlar\u0131 bal\u0131k istedi\u011finde bu havuzdan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bal\u0131klar pi\u015firilirdi. Odan\u0131n tavan\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan da hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131n Roma\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi sepetlerle yemekleri sark\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 ve dileyenlerin istedikleri yemeklerden b\u00f6ylece se\u00e7tikleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Evi s\u00fcsleyen mozaiklerin onar\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zor, zahmetli ve zaman alan bir konudur. 80 kasada yakla\u015f\u0131k 40.000 par\u00e7a birle\u015ftirilmeyi bekleyen mermer oldu\u011funu ve g\u00fcnde ancak 100 par\u00e7an\u0131n bir araya getirilebildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek onar\u0131mlar\u0131n neden bu kadar yava\u015f ilerledi\u011fini de daha kolay anlar\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Evlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen mermerler Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131 (Peloponnesos), Tunus, M\u0131s\u0131r ve ba\u015fta Afyon olmak \u00fczere Anadolu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 yerlerinden ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu. Blok halinde getirilen mermerler Efes\u2019teki at\u00f6lyelerde kesiliyordu. Kuretler Caddesi\u2019nde de g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201cSpolino\u201d denilen mermerin \u00f6zelli\u011fi de kesilip a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda simetrik desenler olu\u015fturmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2 numaral\u0131 evin sahibi Artemis t\u00f6renlerine maddi yard\u0131mlarda bulunmu\u015f olan bir Dionysos tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 rahibine aitti. Bu ev Bizans d\u00f6neminde ba\u015fka bir yap\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f. Ortas\u0131nda avlu, \u00fc\u00e7 kenar\u0131nda revaklar ve kabul salonu oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

7 numaral\u0131 ev \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Kaz\u0131larda sadece bu evde iki iskelet bulunmu\u015f oldu\u011fundan, MS 262 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki depremde yama\u00e7 evlerinde sadece bu iki ki\u015finin ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fu ve belki de bu esnada di\u011fer evlerin yenilenmekte olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Evlerin aralar\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 yoktu ama tuvalet ve hamam gibi ortak kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4 numaral\u0131 evin iki katl\u0131, farkl\u0131 mimari \u00f6\u011felerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yap\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu evin taban\u0131nda bo\u011fa ba\u015fl\u0131 aslan, Medusa ve Dionysos mozaiklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra geometrik desenli i\u015flemeler de varm\u0131\u015f. M\u00fczedeki fildi\u015fi e\u015fyalar, masa ve sandalye gibi buluntular bu evde g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu evin duvarlar\u0131nda motiflerin mavi ton \u00fczerine yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mavi g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlatan renktir. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan ithal edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in de pahal\u0131 bir renktir. Evin tavan\u0131ndaki madalyonlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde de Dionysos, Ariadne ve araba \u00e7eken panterlerin bulundu\u011fu mozaikler vard\u0131. Evi s\u00fcsleyen mozaiklerde bir sepetin \u00e7evresinde sonsuzlu\u011fu simgeleyen tavus ku\u015flar\u0131, su ayg\u0131r\u0131, Poseidon ve su motifleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fczede sergilenen M\u0131s\u0131r rahibi heykeli de bu evde bulunmu\u015ftur.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 y\u0131llar\u0131nda fresk ve mozaik gibi buluntular m\u00fczeye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Ancak sonraki y\u0131llarda evler baz\u0131 \u00f6zel maddelerle nem ve \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 korunarak buluntular yerlerinde korunmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yama\u00e7 evleri, konumlar\u0131yla, freskleriyle, mozaik s\u00fcslemeleriyle, mermer kaplamalar\u0131yla, \u0131s\u0131tma ve su sistemleriyle as\u0131rlar sonra bile ziyaret\u00e7ilerini b\u00fcy\u00fclemeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedirler.<\/p>\n

SCHOLAST\u0130CA HAMAMLARI<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fmenin yan taraf\u0131ndan Scholastica Hamamlar\u0131\u2019na \u00e7\u0131kabilirsiniz. Efes\u2019te alt\u0131 tane hamam vard\u0131. Hamamlarda bulu\u015fulur, ticari ili\u015fkiler d\u00fczenlenir, \u015fair ve filozoflar konu\u015fmalar yapard\u0131. Scholastica, dans\u00e7\u0131 olarak ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayat\u0131nda valinin e\u015fi olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f bir kad\u0131nd\u0131r. Efes\u2019te ve Roma kentlerinde hayat kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00f6zle bak\u0131lmayan bir meslekti. Yine liman kentlerinde fahi\u015feler kadar had\u0131m edilmi\u015f erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Romal\u0131 erkekler, sabah evden \u00e7\u0131kmadan so\u011fuk suyla h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde y\u0131kan\u0131rlard\u0131. Esas banyo \u00f6\u011fleden sonralar\u0131 hamamda al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Askerler, \u00e7ocuklar ve k\u00f6leler i\u00e7in hamamlar \u00fccretsizdi. MS 2. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren hamamlar, g\u00fcn\u00fcn belirli saatlerinde erkeklere, belirli saatlerinde kad\u0131nlara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. De\u011fi\u015fiklik zaman\u0131 zillerle duyurulurdu. Hamamlarda jimnastik yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Masaj yapt\u0131rma olana\u011f\u0131 da vard\u0131. S\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk havuzlar, y\u0131kanmak ve ferahlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Baz\u0131 hamamlar bolca akan suyla beslenmedikleri i\u00e7in pis olurdu. Hamamlarda yiyecek de sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Romal\u0131lar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131nda, ekmek, sirk ve hamam vazge\u00e7ilemeyecek en \u00f6nemli \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6\u011fe idi.<\/p>\n

SU<\/p>\n

M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan itibaren, Roma kentlerine su kemerleriyle su getirilmi\u015ftir. Kaynaklardan ta\u015f\u0131nan sular, kaba pisliklerinden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nce sarn\u0131\u00e7larda dinlendirilirdi. Ta\u015f\u0131mada, suyun kalitesini bozmayan toprak k\u00fcnkler tercih edilirdi. Kalitesiz sular da hamamlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ya\u011fmur suyu en de\u011ferli suydu ve Anadolu \u015fehirlerinde ya\u011fmur sular\u0131 k\u00fcmbetlerde biriktirilirdi.<\/p>\n

GENEL TUVALET<\/p>\n

Tap\u0131naktan sonra latrinaya (genel tuvalet) gelirsiniz. Sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan latrinalar i\u00e7in genelde ana caddelerin kesi\u015fme noktalar\u0131ndaki yerler se\u00e7ilirdi. Tuvalet kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00fccret \u00f6denirdi. Erkek ve kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler vard\u0131. U\u00e7lar\u0131na s\u00fcnger ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f sopalar tuvalet k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 gibi kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu s\u00fcngerler, zeminde oturma yerlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki kanalda akan suda temizlenirdi. Temizlik i\u00e7in tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k yosun kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da olurdu.<\/p>\n

Gezide g\u00f6rece\u011finiz pi\u015fmi\u015f toprak borularla Efes\u2019in temiz ve pis sular\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu. Altyap\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yap\u0131m\u0131 pahal\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Efes\u2019te her evde tuvalet yoktu. Romal\u0131lar, tuvalet sorununu oturaklar kullanarak \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi tercih etmi\u015flerdi. Oturaklar\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 ise bir ba\u015fka sorundu. Tarlalarda, tabakhanelerde, terzihanelerde hayvan d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131 yan\u0131nda insan idrar\u0131 da kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu idrar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, sokak k\u00f6\u015felerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7anaklarda toplan\u0131rd\u0131. Bundan bir ticaret olu\u015fmu\u015f ve idrar ticaretine \u0130mparator Vespasianus taraf\u0131ndan vergi bile konulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

A\u015eK EV\u0130<\/p>\n

Tuvaletlerin hemen yan\u0131ndaki bina A\u015fk Evi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. \u00dc\u00e7 katl\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131n alt kat\u0131n\u0131n zemini mozaiklerle, duvarlar\u0131 ise fresklerle s\u00fcsl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Alt kat\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lama salonu, pencereleri i\u00e7 avluya bakan \u00fcst kat odalar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00e7iftlere ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. A\u015fk Evi\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcnden de Mermer Caddesi ba\u015flard\u0131. Kuretler Caddesi\u2019nin \u00fczerinde A\u015fk Evi\u2019nin tam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na gelen noktada bir mezar yeri vard\u0131r. Bu mezara g\u00f6m\u00fclen ki\u015fi b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla Kleopatra\u2019n\u0131n en gen\u00e7 k\u0131z karde\u015fi IV. Arsinoe\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

CELSUS K\u00dcT\u00dcPHANES\u0130<\/p>\n

MS 115 – 117 aras\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olan Celsus K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Efes\u2019in en g\u00f6rkemli yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir. \u0130ki katl\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 10 m, geni\u015fli\u011fi 16 metredir. MS 262 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r hasar g\u00f6ren k\u00fct\u00fcphane, sonras\u0131nda onar\u0131m g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi yapan mimar\u0131n mezar\u0131 da i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdad\u0131r. Rulo \u015feklinde saklanan kitaplar, \u00f6nceleri papir\u00fcs, sonralar\u0131 par\u015f\u00f6men k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlara yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu rulolar, rutubete kar\u015f\u0131 korunan ta\u015f ni\u015fler i\u00e7inde saklan\u0131yordu. Celsus K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde 12.000 civar\u0131 rulo bulundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

K\u00fct\u00fcphanenin \u00f6n y\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulunan heykellerden Sophia bilgeli\u011fi, Arete erdemi, Ennoia iyi huylulu\u011fu, Episete ise k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc simgelerdi. Bu heykellerin orijinalleri Viyana Ephesos Museum\u2019da sergilenmektedir. \u0130skenderiye k\u00f6kenli bir tanr\u0131 olan Serapis\u2019e adanm\u0131\u015f tap\u0131nak da k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin arkas\u0131ndaki s\u0131rttad\u0131r. Tanr\u0131 Serapis de, Asklepios gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcccarlarla denizcilerin de koruyucusudur.<\/p>\n

A\u015eA\u011eI AGORA<\/p>\n

Celsus K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nin yan\u0131ndaki an\u0131tsal kap\u0131dan ge\u00e7ilerek A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Agora\u2019ya girilir. Mazeus Mithridates An\u0131tsal Kap\u0131s\u0131, \u0130mparator Augustus zaman\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kare planl\u0131 agoray\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen ma\u011fazalarda kad\u0131nlar al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yaparken, erkekler arkada\u015flar\u0131yla sohbet edip oyun oynarm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

ARCAD\u0130ANUS CADDES\u0130<\/p>\n

Agora\u2019n\u0131n yan taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ip giden Arkadiane Caddesi limana kadar uzan\u0131rd\u0131. 600 m uzunlu\u011funda ve 11 m geni\u015fli\u011findeki Arkadiane Caddesi\u2019nin iki yan\u0131nda d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar bulunuyordu. Caddenin sonundaki 4 s\u00fctunun \u00fczerinde 4 \u0130ncil yazar\u0131n\u0131n heykelleri vard\u0131. Arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunan kandil kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan caddenin geceleri de ayd\u0131nlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve burada ticaretin aral\u0131ks\u0131z s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

EFES T\u0130YATROSU<\/p>\n

Mermer Cadde\u2019nin Arkadiane Bulvar\u0131\u2019yla kesi\u015fti\u011fi g\u00fcneybat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Efes Tiyatrosu vard\u0131r. MS 2. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen Efes Tiyatrosu, 24.000 ki\u015filik seyirci kapasitesine sahiptir. 2 ara yollu, 3 kademeli ve 65 oturma s\u0131ral\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tiyatrosudur. Tiyatro bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ara yollar\u0131 sayesinde izleyiciler kolayca yerlerine ula\u015fabiliyordu. Romal\u0131larda tiyatrolar halk\u0131 e\u011flendirmek i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131lard\u0131. Yunanlar\u0131n tragedya ve komedyalar\u0131 Romal\u0131larda yerini mim g\u00f6sterilerine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tiyatro g\u00f6sterilerinde katk\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k sistemi vard\u0131. \u015eehrin ileri gelen zenginleri oyunlar\u0131n maliyetlerini kar\u015f\u0131lard\u0131. Seyirciler tiyatroya yast\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 getirir ve g\u00fcne\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 tentelerini kurard\u0131. Tiyatronun giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131nda oyun program\u0131 as\u0131l\u0131 olurdu.<\/p>\n

AMF\u0130T\u0130YATROLAR<\/p>\n

Amfitiyatrolar Bat\u0131 Roma\u2019da yayg\u0131n yap\u0131lard\u0131. Do\u011fu Roma s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeyse, k\u0131smen g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen Bergama, Ceyhan yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Anavarza ve Erdek\u2019teki Kyzikos amfitiyatrolar\u0131 ile tamamen kaybolmu\u015f \u0130stanbul ve Antakya amfitiyatrolar\u0131 ile sadece be\u015f amfitiyatrodan s\u00f6z edilir. Zaten MS 5. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra amfitiyatro in\u015faatlar\u0131 da sonlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ROMA M\u0130MAR\u0130S\u0130 \u00a0<\/p>\n

Romal\u0131lar\u0131n mimaride kaydettikleri en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131, kemer ve kubbe yap\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130n\u015faatlarda betona benzer bir har\u00e7 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yap\u0131lardaki tu\u011fla ve ta\u015flar\u0131; kire\u00e7, tu\u011fla tozu, volkanik t\u00fcf, dere kumu kullanarak elde ettikleri Horasan harc\u0131yla s\u0131vam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130n\u015faatlarda, mevsimlere g\u00f6re \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n en iyi gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 hesaplam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Romal\u0131 mimarlar depremlere kar\u015f\u0131, esneklik dereceleri tehlikeyi azaltacak nitelikte sa\u011flam binalar yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan Yunanlarda \u00e7\u00f6mlek sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bile kimlikleri bilinebilirken, Roma\u2019da Vitrivius gibi birka\u00e7 istisna haricinde mimarlar\u0131n adlar\u0131 sanlar\u0131 bilinmemektedir. Roma yap\u0131lar\u0131nda mimarlar\u0131n imza ve isimleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n

DO\u011eU GYMNAS\u0130UMU<\/p>\n

Magnesia Kap\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehre gelirken, Do\u011fu Gymnasium\u2019u ve Gen\u00e7 K\u0131zlar Manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Tiyatronun \u00f6n\u00fcnde ba\u015fka bir gymnasium daha vard\u0131. Gymnasiumlarda atletizm, g\u00fcre\u015f, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kald\u0131rma yap\u0131l\u0131r, top oyunlar\u0131 oynan\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcre\u015f\u00e7iler, \u00f6nce v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131n esnek olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u011flan\u0131r, sonra da ya\u011f\u0131n kaymamas\u0131 i\u00e7in v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131 tozla kaplarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0130FTE K\u0130L\u0130SE (MERYEM ANA K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130)<\/p>\n

Meryem Ana Kilisesi veya \u00c7ifte Kilise, Efes\u2019in deniz taraf\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131na gelirken sol taraf\u0131n\u0131zda kal\u0131r. Bu kilisede, 22 Haziran 431 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck Ek\u00fcmenik konsil toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu konsilde Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n Teotokos yani Tanr\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan (Tanr\u0131 do\u011furan) oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015f, bu ideolojiye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan din adam\u0131 Nestorius aforoz edilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 kilise, 449 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikinci bir dini konsile daha ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kilise, 265 m x 29,5 m ebatlar\u0131ndad\u0131r. 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bazilikaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Anadolu\u2019daki ilk yedi kiliseden biridir. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk kiliseye ilave in\u015faat yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00c7ifte Kilise olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kta Meryem Ana ad\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk kilisedir.<\/p>\n

VED\u0130US GYMNAS\u0130UMU VE GLADYAT\u00d6R D\u00d6V\u00dc\u015eLER\u0130<\/p>\n

\u00d6ren yerinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra Sel\u00e7uk\u2019a do\u011fru yol al\u0131rken Vedius Gymnasiumu veya arenas\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda kal\u0131r. Efes Arenas\u0131 gladyat\u00f6r d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015flerinin \u00f6nemli adreslerinden biriydi. Efes\u2019teki en \u00fcnl\u00fc gladyat\u00f6r okulu Vedius ailesinin kurdu\u011fu okuldu. Efeslilerin, gladyat\u00f6r d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015flerini Etr\u00fcsklerden \u00f6\u011frendikleri bilinir. Efes\u2019te bilinen ilk gladyat\u00f6r d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, M\u00d6 69 y\u0131l\u0131nda General Lucullus taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Bu g\u00f6steri sevilip ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcnce de soylu ve zengin aileler gladyat\u00f6r okullar\u0131 kurmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu okullarda e\u011fitilen sava\u015f esirleri, k\u00f6leler, mahk\u00fbmlar ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler arenalarda d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Gladyat\u00f6rler \u00f6nce tahta silahlarla antrenman yaparlar, kaslar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel g\u0131dalarla beslenirlerdi. Gladyat\u00f6r d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015flerinin organizat\u00f6rlere ve katk\u0131c\u0131lara para kazand\u0131rmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla da Roma kentlerindeki e\u011flence anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n

Gladyat\u00f6rler, kimi zaman aralar\u0131nda, kimi zaman k\u00f6lelerle, kimi zaman da ay\u0131, aslan, kaplan gibi vah\u015fi hayvanlarla d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bir gladyat\u00f6r i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u0131radan bir sonu\u00e7tu. \u00dc\u00e7 d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sonunda canl\u0131 kalan gladyat\u00f6rler usta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ge\u00e7erdi. Be\u015f kez ayakta kalabilenler e\u011fer k\u00f6leyse \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine hak kazan\u0131rd\u0131. Ancak gladyat\u00f6rlerin pek az\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc se\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Okullarda kalan eski gladyat\u00f6rler, ordunun g\u00f6zde subaylar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitirdi. Efes\u2019te on d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f kazanm\u0131\u015f bir gladyat\u00f6rden s\u00f6z edilir. Y\u0131lda ortalama iki organizasyon yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek ve o d\u00f6nemde ortalama ya\u015fam\u0131n 35 y\u0131l oldu\u011funu da unutmazsak bunun \u00e7ok s\u0131k rastlanabilecek bir olay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anlar\u0131z.\u00a0<\/p>\n

PUBLIUS AELIUS HADRIANUS VE ANTINOUS<\/p>\n

Hadrianus, 24 Ocak 76 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130spanya\u2019da do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131n\u0131n anne taraf\u0131ndan kuzeni olan \u0130mparator Traianus taraf\u0131ndan 8 A\u011fustos 117\u2019de Selinus\u2019ta (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Gazipa\u015fa), imparatorun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce evl\u00e2t, sonra da veliaht il\u00e2n edilmi\u015ftir. Traianus\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan Hadrianus d\u00f6neminde Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019dan B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra\u2019ya, Atlas Okyanusu\u2019ndan F\u0131rat Nehri\u2019ne kadar uzanacakt\u0131r. Hadrianus, 24 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Traianus\u2019un 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ye\u011feni Vibia Sabina ile evlenir ama \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmaz. Hep arka planda kalm\u0131\u015f olan Vibia Sabina\u2019n\u0131n beklenmedik \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Hadrianus\u2019un parma\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n

Anadolu topraklar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli izler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olan Hadrianus, MS 117-138 aras\u0131nda 21 y\u0131l boyunca Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir. Hadrianus\u2019un hayat\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli insanlardan biri ku\u015fkusuz Claudiopolisli (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bolu) Antinous\u2019tur. Hadrianus, MS 123 y\u0131l\u0131nda 47 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Claudiopolis \u015fehrindeki yar\u0131\u015fmada en g\u00fczel erkek se\u00e7ilen Antinous\u2019la ya\u015famaya ba\u015flar. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u015fk, Hadrianus\u2019un MS 130 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osiris t\u00f6renlerine kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a gidece\u011fi g\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcrer. Nil Nehri\u2019ne d\u00fc\u015ferek bo\u011fulan Antinous\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeninin kaza, cinayet veya intihar olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemektedir. Ancak akla en yak\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131k Antinous\u2019un ya\u015fam\u0131na i\u00e7 o\u011flan olarak devam etmek istemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in Hadrianus taraf\u0131ndan suya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Antinous\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Hadrianus sevgilisi ad\u0131na M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Antinoupolis \u015fehrini, Bolu\u2019da ve G\u00fcney Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Mantineia kentlerinde de tap\u0131naklar in\u015fa ettirecektir. Roma imparatorluk sikkelerinde imparatorlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda resmi bulunan tek ki\u015fi Antinous\u2019tur.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bal\u0131kesir\u2019in Hadrianutherae olan ilk yerle\u015fimi de Hadrianus taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Keza Edirne\u2019nin ismi Hadrianus\u2019tan gelir. Kastamonu dolaylar\u0131ndaki Eskipazar veya Hadrianapolis imparatorun ismini ta\u015f\u0131yan bir di\u011fer kenttir.<\/p>\n

HERAKLEITOS<\/p>\n

\u0130yonya\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli filozoflar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir. M\u00d6 535-475 aras\u0131nda Efes\u2019te ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131ktan sonra topluluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015famaktan uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Metafizik ve politika ile ilgilenmi\u015f, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin siyasal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sert\u00e7e ele\u015ftirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cAyn\u0131 suyla iki kere y\u0131kanamazs\u0131n\u0131z,\u201d deyi\u015finin sahibidir.<\/p>\n

YED\u0130 UYURLAR MA\u011eARASI<\/p>\n

Bu ma\u011faran\u0131n efsanesi MS 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f \u0130mparator Decius zaman\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r. S\u00f6ylenceye g\u00f6re Decius\u2019un zulm\u00fcnden ka\u00e7an yedi ki\u015fi, Panay\u0131r Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki ma\u011faraya saklan\u0131r ve 200 y\u0131l boyunca burada uyur. D\u00f6rt kat\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ma\u011farada iki kilise ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da mezar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ku\u015fadas\u0131 GEZ\u0130LECEK YERLER Efes \u2013 Ephesus NASIL G\u0130D\u0130L\u0130R\u00a0 \u0130zmir Ayd\u0131n yolu \u00fczerinde Sel\u00e7uk \u0130l\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalan Efes \u00d6ren Yeri, \u0130zmir\u2019e 70km, Ku\u015fadas\u0131\u2019na 20 km Ayd\u0131n\u2019 a 60 km uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r.   GEZ\u0130LECEK YERLER Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 \u00d6ren Yeri Yedi Uyurlar Ma\u011faras\u0131 Efes, UNESCO D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 aday listesindedir.   GENEL BAKI\u015e Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Ayasuluk Tepesi \u00e7evresinde olan [...]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-250","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nKu\u015fadas\u0131 - 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